Note on legislation: This section describes Czech legislation and Czech administrative practice. Treat it as general orientation only and always verify the current requirements with the relevant Czech building or water authority.
If you are the lucky owner of a property with unresolved wastewater management, you basically have several options to solve the problem. You can find a very brief description right here, each of the solutions is comprehensively described in a separate section.
connection to public sewage system ending with a central treatment plant
If there is a public sewage system with a treatment plant in the area, connecting to it is usually the cheapest solution. In addition, all worries about the care of a treatment plant will disappear. If usable sewerage is nearby and connection is technically feasible, the Czech authority will usually not want to permit a new separate treatment and discharge route.
establishment of drainless pits, sumps
The construction of a cesspool is only suitable for recreational facilities that do not generate a lot of wastewater. The cesspool must be large enough and have convenient access for a faecal truck (that is, for a large truck, if you do not intend to take it out by the barrel).
establishment of a septic tank with additional treatment (soil filter, root treatment plant)
The septic tank alone is no longer sufficient for wastewater treatment, it must be supplemented with another cleaning stage, an earth filter or a root treatment plant. This solution thus becomes somewhat demanding on space. However, the big advantage is that no electricity is needed for operation.
establishment of biodisc treatment plant
The biodisc treatment plant is a years-proven "classic", combining the function of a septic tank and further purification in one divided tank. Requires electricity, takes up a bit more space than activation purifiers.
establishment of an activation treatment plant with settling tank
An activation treatment plant with a settling tank is one of the cheapest possible solutions in terms of investment, and it is certainly the most economical in terms of space. That is why it is the most common built variant today. However, to ensure a good level of cleaning, regular supervision and knowledge of the process is necessary.
establishment of membrane activation treatment plant
In terms of space, the activation solution with the membrane is comparable to the activation with the settler, but the investment and operating costs are higher. The price of a membrane treatment plant is roughly double that of a "normal" activated sludge treatment plant with a settling tank, and higher electricity consumption for operation must also be taken into account. On the other hand, you almost don't have to worry about the treatment plant, and the drain from it will always be top notch.
alternative water treatment methods
These are, for example, composting toilets and other devices of a similar type, where wastewater is not generated in the toilet, as there is no flushing. However, it is necessary to realize that wastewater is produced during other activities (washing, etc.) and it is necessary to have a solution to its management. So it is necessary to set up some of the devices mentioned above.